Bibliography about Old Kingdom elite tombs and iconography, with links to online content where available. The list is frequently updated, but let me know if you’re missing something! Use Ctrl + F (Cmd + F for Mac users) to search within this page.
See also: Tombs per site
Databases
- MastaBase 2.0: online database of Old Kingdom elite tomb scenes (work in progress).
- Harpur, Y., Oxford Expedition to Egypt: Scene-details Database (2006).
- Walsem, R. van, MastaBase: a research tool for the study of the secular or “daily life” scenes and their accompanying texts in the elite tombs of the Memphite area in the Old Kingdom (2008). Publisher
General
- Arnold, D., When the Pyramids Were Built: Egyptian Art of the Old Kingdom (1999). Preview
- Baer, K., Rank and Title in the Old Kingdom: The Structure of the Egyptian Administration in the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties (1960).
- Bárta, M., Journey to the West: The world of the Old Kingdom tombs in Ancient Egypt (2012).
- Der Manuelian, P. and T. Schneider, Towards a New History for the Egyptian Old Kingdom: Perspectives on the Pyramid Age (2015). Preview
- Jones, D., An Index of Ancient Egyptian Titles, Epithets and Phrases of the Old Kingdom (2000).
- Kanawati, N. and Woods, A., Artists of the Old Kingdom: Techniques and Achievements (2009).
- Málek, J., In the Shadow of the Pyramids: Egypt During the Old Kingdom (1992). Preview
- McFarlane, A. and Mourad, A. (eds), Behind the scenes: Daily life in Old Kingdom Egypt (2012).
- Metropolitan Museum, Egyptian art in the age of the pyramids (1999).
- Smith, W.S., A History of Egyptian Sculpture and Painting in the Old Kingdom (2nd ed. 1949).
- Strudwick, N., The Administration of Egypt in the Old Kingdom (1985).
- Strudwick, N.C., Texts from the Pyramid Age (2005). Preview
Classics
- Erman, A., Reden, Rufe und Lieder auf Gräberbildern des Alten Reiches (1919).
- Klebs, L., Die Reliefs des alten Reiches (1915).
- Lepsius, R., Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1897-1913).
- Mariette, A., Les Mastabas de l’ancien empire (1885).
- Montet, P., Les scènes de la vie privée dans les tombeaux égyptiens de l’Ancien Empire (1925).
- Porter, B. and Moss, R.L.B., Topographical bibliography of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic texts, reliefs, and paintings (1927-present).
- Vandier, J., Manuel d’Archéologie Égyptienne IV-VI (1964-1978).
- Wreszinski, W., Atlas zur Altaegyptischen Kulturgeschichte III: Gräber des alten Reiches (1936).
Conference proceedings: Abusir and Saqqara
- Barta, M. and J. Krejčí (eds), Abusir and Saqqara in the year 2000 (2000).
- Coppens, F. (ed.), Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2001 (2002). Contents
- Bárta, M., Coppens, F. and J. Krejčí (eds), Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2005 (2007). Contents
- Bárta, M., Coppens, F. and J. Krejčí (eds), Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2010 (2011). Contents
- Bárta, M., Coppens, F. and J. Krejčí (eds), Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2015 (2017). Contents
Other conference proceedings
- Bárta, M. (ed.), The Old Kingdom Art and Archaeology. Proceedings of the conference held in Prague in 2004 (2005).
- Fitzenreiter, M. and Herb, M. (eds), Dekorierte Grabanlagen im Alten Reich: Methodik und Interpretation, IBAES VI (2006).
- Kuraszkiewicz, K. et al., ‘The perfection that endures…’: Studies in Old Kingdom Art and Archaeology (2018).
- Pantalacci, L. and C. Berger El Naggar, Des Néferkarê aux Montouhotep. Travaux archéologiques en cours sur la fin de la VIe dynastie et la Première Période Intermédiaire. Actes du colloque CNRS – université Lumière Lyon 2, tenu le 5-7 juillet 2001 (2005).
- Strudwick, N. and Strudwick, H. (eds), Old Kingdom, New Perspectives: Egyptian Art and Archaeology 2750-2150 BC (2011).
- Willems, H. (ed.), Social Aspects of Funerary Culture in the Egyptian Old and Middle Kingdoms (2001). Preview
Festschriften
- Callender, V.G. et al. (eds), Times, Signs and Pyramids: Studies in Honour of Miroslav Verner (2011).
- Demarée, C., Stuart, A.J. and Verschoor, V., Imaging and Imagining the Memphite Necropolis: Liber Amicorum René van Walsem (2017). Preview
- Jánosi, P. and Vymazalová, H. (eds), The Art of Describing: The World of Tomb Decoration as Visual Culture of the Old Kingdom. Studies in Honour of Yvonne Harpur (2018).
- Woods, A., McFarlane, A. and Binder, S. (eds), Egyptian culture and society: Studies in Honour of Naguib Kanawati (2010).
Digital methods
- Der Manuelian, P., Digital Giza: Visualizing the Pyramids (2017).
- Dulíková, V. and R. Mařík, Complex network analysis in Old Kingdom society: a nepotism case, Abusir and Saqqara in the year 2015 (2017), 63-83.
Dating and development
- Cherpion, N., Mastabas et hypogées d’Ancien Empire: Le problème de la datation (1989).
- Cherpion, N., De quand date la tombe du nain Seneb?, BIFAO 84 (1984), 35-54.
- El-Metwally, E., Entwicklung der Grabdekoration in den altägyptischen Privatgräbern (1992). Preview
- Flentye, Laurel, The Development of the Eastern and GIS Cemeteries at Giza during the Fourth Dynasty, in: The Old Kingdom Art and Archaeology (2006), 133-143.
- Harpur, Y., Decoration in Egyptian tombs of the Old Kingdom: Studies in orientation and scene content (1987).
- Jánosi, P., Aspects of Mastaba Development: The Position of Shafts and the Identification of Tomb Owners, in: Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2001 (2002), 337-350.
- Kuraszkiewicz, K.O., Remarks on the development of the Old Kingdom necropolis, in: Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean XVII: Reports 2005 (2007), 169-175.
- Nuzzolo, M., Patterns of tomb placement in the Memphite necropolis. Fifth Dynasty Saqqara in context, in: Abusir and Saqqara in the year 2015 (2018), 257-292.
- Roeten, L., Chronological Developments in the Old Kingdom Tombs in the Necropoleis of Giza, Saqqara and Abusir (2016).
- Swinton, J., Dating the tombs of the Egyptian Old Kingdom (2014).
- Woods, A., Contribution to a controversy: A date for the tomb of Kaemankh at Giza, JEA 95 (2009), 161-174.
- Woods, A., A Date for the Tomb of Seneb at Giza: Revisited, in: Egyptian culture and society: Studies in honour of Naguib Kanawati II (2010), 301-331.
Theoretical
- Baines, J., On the status and purposes of ancient Egyptian art, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 4 (1994), 67-94.
- Brunner-Traut, E., Aspective, in: Schäfer, Principles of Egyptian art (1974).
- Groenewegen-Frankfort, H.A., Arrest and movement (1951), chapter 2. Preview
- Hartwig, M.K., A companion to ancient Egyptian art (2015). Preview
- Junge, F., Vom Sinn der ägyptischen Kunst. Am Beispiel des Alten Reichs, in: 5000 Jahre Ägypten: Genese und Permanenz pharaonischer Kunst (1983), 43-60.
- Panofsky, E., Studies in Iconology (1939).
- Schäfer, H., Principles of Egyptian art (1974).
- Weeks, K.R., Art, word, and the Egyptian world view, in: Egyptology and the social sciences (1979), 59-81.
Interpretative
- Altenmüller, H., Licht und Dunkel, Tag und Nacht: Programmtisches aus der Dekoration der Gräber des Alten Reiches, in: Texte und Denkmäler des ägyptischen Alten Reiches (2005), 9-26.
- Altenmüller, H., Aspekte des Grabgedankens in der Dekoration von drei Grabanlagen des Alten Reiches, in: Dekorierte Grabanlagen im Alten Reich: Methodik und Interpretation, IBAES VI (2006), 19-36.
- Bolshakov, A.O., Man and his double in Egyptian ideology of the Old Kingdom (1997).
- Bolshakov, A.O., Arrangement of Murals as a Principle of Old Kingdom Tomb Decoration, in: Dekorierte Grabanlagen im Alten Reich: Methodik und Interpretation, IBAES VI (2006), 37-60.
- Fitzenreiter, M., Raumkonzept und Bildprogramm in dekorierten Grabanlagen im Alten Reich, in: Dekorierte Grabanlagen im Alten Reich: Methodik und Interpretation, IBAES VI (2006), 61-110.
- Fitzenreiter, M., Sense and Serendipity. Zur Ambiguität pharaonischer Bildschriftlichkeit, in: Imaging and Imagining the Memphite Necropolis (2017), 177-199.
- Herb, M., Ikonographie – Schreiben mit Bildern: Ein Essay zur Historizität der Grabdekorationen des Alten Reiches, in: Dekorierte Grabanlagen im Alten Reich: Methodik und Interpretation, IBAES VI (2006), 111-214.
- Moreno García, J.C., La gestion sociale de la mémoire dans l’Égypte du IIIe millénaire: Les tombes des particuliers, entre emploi privé et idéologie publique, in: Dekorierte Grabanlagen im Alten Reich: Methodik und Interpretation, IBAES VI (2006), 215-242.
- Müller, I., Die Ausgestaltung der Kultkammern in den Gräbern des Alten Reiches in Giza und Saqqara, Forschungen und Berichte 16 (1974), 79-96. Jstor
- O’Connor, D., Sexuality, statuary and the afterlife: Scenes in the tomb-chapel of Pepyankh (Heny the Black). An interpretive essay, in: Studies in Honor of William Kelly Simpson (1996), 621-633.
- Verma, S., Cultural Expression in the Old Kingdom Elite Tomb (2014).
- Vasiljevic, V., Terminology and interpretation in studies on decoration of private tombs, JSAS 19 (2003), 135-142.
- Roeten, L., The decoration on the cult chapel walls of the old kingdom tombs at Giza: A new approach to their interaction (2014). Preview
- Roth, A.M., Multiple meanings in carrying chair scenes, in: Dekorierte Grabanlagen im Alten Reich: Methodik und Interpretation, IBAES VI (2006), 243-254.
- Shirai, Y., Ideal and reality in Old Kingdom private funerary cults, in: The Old Kingdom art and archaeology (2006), 325-333.
- Staring, N., Fixed rules or personal choice? On the composition and arrangement of daily life scenes in Old Kingdom elite tombs, in: Old Kingdom, New Perspectives (2011), 256-269.
- Vischak, D., Agency in Old Kingdom elite tomb programs: traditions, locations, and variable meanings, in: Dekorierte Grabanlagen im Alten Reich: Methodik und Interpretation, IBAES VI (2006), 255-276.
- Walsem, R. van, The Interpretation of Iconographic Programmes in Old Kingdom Elite Tombs of the Memphite Area: Methodological and Theoretical (Re)considerations, in: Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists (1998), 1205-1213.
- Walsem, R. van, The caption to a cattle fording scene in a tomb at Saqqara and its implications for the Seh/Sinnbild discussion on Egyptian iconography, in: Egyptian religion: The last thousand years. Studies dedicated to the memory of Jan Quaegebeur, vol. 2 (1998), 1469-1485.
- Walsem, R. van, Interpretation of Evidence, Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt 2 (2001), 175-179.
- Walsem, R. van, Iconography of Old Kingdom elite tombs: Analysis & interpretation (2005). Preview
- Walsem, R. van, ‘Meaningful places’: Pragmatics from ancient Egypt to modern times. A diachronic and cross-cultural approach, in: Site-Seeing: Places in Culture, Time and Space (2006), 111-146.
- Walsem, R. van, Sense and Sensibility: On the Analysis and Interpretation of the Iconography Programmes of Four Old Kingdom Elite Tombs, in: Dekorierte Grabanlagen im Alten Reich: Methodik und Interpretation, IBAES VI (2006), 277-332.
- Walsem, R. van, Diversification and variation in Old Kingdom funerary iconography as the expression of a need for “individuality”, JEOL 44 (2013), 117-139.
- Walsem, R. van, Quantitative means for establishing the qualitative ‘individuality degree’ of Hetepka’s elite tomb at Saqqara, in: Another Mouthful of Dust: Egyptological Studies in Honour of Geoffrey Thorndike Martin (2016), 495-542.
Scene types and details
- Altenmüller, H., Die Nachtfahrt des Grabherrn im Alten Reich: Zur Frage der Schiffe mit Igelkopf, SAK 28 (2000), 1-28.
- Altenmüller, H., Der Himmelsaufstieg des Grabherrn: Zu den Szenen des zSS wAD in den Gräbern des Alten Reiches, SAK 30 (2002), 1-30.
- Altenmüller, H., Eine Stiftungsurkunde für die Opferversorgung des Grabherrn? Zum Bild des Grabherrn an der Staffelei, SAK 33 (2005), 29-40.
- Altenmüller, H., Fisch und Vogel für den Grabherrn, in: Studies in honor of Ali Radwan (2006), 69-78.
- Altenmüller, H., Presenting the nDt-Hr-offerings to the tomb owner, in: The Old Kingdom art and archaeology (2006), 25-35.
- Altenmüller, H., Väter, Brüder und Götter – Bemerkunen zur Szene der Übergabe der Lotosblüte, in: Festschrift Bettina Schmitz (2008), 17-28.
- Altenmüller, H., Zur apotropäischen Geste der Hirten in der Furt: Die Reden und Rufe der Hirten im Grab des Wesirs Hesi in Saqqara, in: En détail – Philologie und Archäologie im Diskurs (2019), 11-28.
- Bárta, M., Archaeology and Iconography: bedja and aperet bread moulds and “Speisetischszene” development in the Old Kingdom, SAK 22 (1995), 21–35.
- Bárta, M., Die Tauschhandelszenen aus dem Grab des Fetekty in Abusir, SAK 26 (1998), 19-34. Jstor
- Beek, N. van de, Saqqara scenes: Women in the marketplace, Saqqara Newsletter 14 (2016), 31-38.
- Beek, N. van de, To kill a songbird: Scenes of catching songbirds in Old Kingdom elite tombs, Saqqara Newsletter 15 (2017), 55-67.
- Bocchi, P.A., The enigmatic activity of painting the seasons at an easel: contemplative leisure or preemptive measure?, JARCE 40 (2003), 159-169. Jstor
- Bolshakov, A.O., The Old Kingdom Representations of Funeral Procession, GM 121 (1991), 31-54.
- Bolshakov, A.O., The Scene of the Boatmen Jousting in Old Kingdom Tomb Representations, BSEG 17 (1993), 29-39.
- Brewer, D.J. and Friedman, R., Fish and fishing in Ancient Egypt (1989).
- Davey, C.J., Old Kingdom metallurgy in Memphite tomb images, in: Ancient Memphis: ‘Enduring is the Perfection’ (2012), 85-107.
- Decker, W. and M. Herb, Bildatlas zum Sport im alten Ägypten (1994). Preview
- Der Manuelian, P., Presenting the Scroll: Papyrus Documents in Tomb Scenes of the Old Kingdom, Studies in Honor of William Kelly Simpson (1996), 561-588.
- Dürring, N., Materialien zum Schiffbau im alten Ägypten (1995).
- Evans, L., Fighting kites: behaviour as a key to species identity in wall scenes, JEA 93 (2007), 245-247.
- Evans, L., Animal behaviour in Egyptian art: Representations of the natural world in Memphite tomb scenes (2010).
- Evans. L., Animal behaviour in Egyptian art: A brief overview, in: Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Egyptologists, Vol. II (2015), 1653-1666.
- Evans, L., Otter or mongoose? Chewing over the evidence in wall scenes, in: Egyptian culture and society: Studies in honour of Naguib Kanawati I (2010), 119-129.
- Eaton-Krauss, M., The representations of statuary in private tombs of the Old Kingdom (1984). Preview
- El-Menshawy, S., Uses of Domesticated Donkeys: Evidence from Old Kingdom Tombs Scenes, Abgadiyat 4 (2009), 51-62.
- Faltings, D., Die Keramik der Lebensmittelproduktion im Alten Reich – Ikonographie und Archäologie eines Gebrauchsartikels (1998).
- Feucht, E., Fishing and fowling with the spear and the throw-stick reconsidered, in: The intellectual heritage of Egypt: Studies presented to László Kákosy (1992), 157-169.
- Fischer, H.G., Egyptian women of the Old Kingdom and the Heracleopolitan Period (1989).
- Fitzenreiter, M., Die Domänen des Ibi, in: Diachronic Trends in Ancient Egyptian History (2013), 40-58.
- Hampson, M., ‘A Princely find’: The lost scenes of craftsmen in the tomb of Khuenre at Giza, in: Ancient Memphis: ‘Enduring is the Perfection’ (2012), 193-203.
- Helck, W., Das Bier im Alten Ägypten (1971).
- Houlihan, P.F., The Birds of Ancient Egypt (1986).
- Kessler, D., Zur Bedeutung der Szenen des täglichen Lebens in den Privatgräbern. I: Die Szenen des Schiffsbaues und der Schiffahrt, ZÄS 114 (1987), 59-88.
- Kessler, D., Zur Bedeutung der Szenen des täglichen Lebens in den Privatgräbern. II: Schreiber und Schreiberstatue in den Gräbern des AR, ZÄS 117 (1990), 21-43.
- Lashien, M., The Transportation of Funerary Furniture in Old Kingdom Tomb Scenes, in: Egyptian culture and society: Studies in honour of Naguib Kanawati II (2010), 1-12.
- Livingstone-Thomas, J., The Old Kingdom Market-Place Scenes Revisited: With Special Reference to Tep-em-ankh II, in: Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2010 (2011), 551-569.
- McFarlane, A., Occupied carrying chairs at Memphis in the Old Kingdom, in: Ancient Memphis: ‘Enduring is the Perfection’ (2012), 349-370.
- Merzeban, R.Y., Tired workers in Old Kingdom daily life scenes?, MDAIK 63 (2007), 225-246.
- Mourad, A.L., Siege Scenes of the Old Kingdom, BACE 22 (2011), 135-158.
- O’Neill, B., Setting the scene: The deceased and regenerative cult within offering table imagery of the Egyptian Old to Middle Kingdoms (2015).
- Pieke, G., Der Grabherr und die Lotosblume: Zu lokalen und geschlechtsspezifischen Traditionen eines Motivkreises, in: The Old Kingdom art and archaeology (2006), 259-280.
- Roth, A.M., The practical economics of tomb-building in the Old Kingdom: A visit to the necropolis in a carrying chair, in: For his ka: Essays offered in memory of Klaus Baer (1994), 227-240.
- Soleiman, S., The Hair-Shaving and Nail-Cutting Scenes in Ptahshepses’ Tomb at Saqqara, JARCE 50 (2014), 31-39.
- Soleiman, S., Deceased’s son fishing and fowling in the Old Kingdom tombs, Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences 3 (2018), 601-607.
- Swinton, J. and Evans, L., Force-feeding animals in Old Kingdom scenes: A reply, GM 232 (2012), 137-142.
- Vachala, B. and Faltings, D., Töpferei und Brauerei im AR: Einige Relieffragmente aus der Mastaba des Ptahschepses in Abusir, MDAIK 51 (1995), 281-286.
- Vasiljevic, V., Untersuchungen zum Gefolge des Grabherrn in den Gräbern des Alten Reiches (1995).
- Vasiljevic, V., Wiederholung von Bettenszenen in Privatgräber des Alten Reiches, JSAS 15-16 (1999-2000), 135-143.
- Walsem, R. van, Scenes of the Production of Pottery in Old Kingdom Elite Tombs of the Memphite Area: A Quantitative Analysis, in: Under the Potter’s Tree: Studies on Ancient Egypt Presented to Janine Bourriau on the Occasion of her 70th Birthday (2011), 977-999.
- Walsem R. van (2015), Jachticonografie in de elite graven van het Oude Rijk in Egypte, Phoenix 60(2-3): 69-97.
- Woods, A., The Composite fishing and fowling scene in the tomb of Remni at Saqqara, BACE 17 (2006), 137-157.
- Woods, A., Sesh Wadj scenes of the Old Kingdom revisited, in: Old Kingdom, New Perspectives (2011), 314-319.
- Woods, A., Five significant features in Old Kingdom spear-fishing and fowling scenes, in: Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Egyptologists (2015), 1897-1910.
Decorated burial chambers
- Dawood, K., Animate Decoration and Burial Chambers of Private Tombs during the Old Kingdom: New Evidence from the Tomb of Kairer at Saqqara, Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée 40 (2005), 107-127.
- Kanawati, N., Decoration of burial chambers, sarcophagi and coffins in the Old Kingdom, in: Studies in honor of Ali Radwan (2005), 55-71.
- Kanawati, N., Decorated Burial Chambers of the Old Kingdom (2010).
- Lashien, M., The Ultimate Destination: Decoration of Kaiemankh’s Burial Chamber Reconsidered, Études et Travaux 26 (2013), 404-415.
Autobiographies
- Altenmüller, H., Biographien und Domanennamen, in: Abusir and Saqqara in the year 2005 (2006), 167-190.
- Baines, J., Forerunners of narrative biographies, in: Studies on ancient Egypt in honour of H.S. Smith (1999), 23-37.
- Kloth, N., Die (auto-) biographischen Inschriften des ägyptischen Alten Reiches (2002).
- Stauder-Porchet, J., Les autobiographies événementielles de la Ve dynastie: premier ensemble de textes continus en Égypte, in: Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2010 (2011), 747-766.
- Stauder-Porchet, J., Les autobiographies de l’Ancien Empire égyptien: Étude sur la naissance d’un genre (2017).
Architectural elements
- Bárta, M., Architectural Innovations in the Development of the Non-Royal Tomb During the Reign of Nyuserra, in: Structure and significance: Thoughts on ancient Egyptian architecture (2005), 105-130.
- Bárta, M. and V. Dulíková, The Afterlife Existence Captured in Stone. The Sixth Dynasty False Door Stela of Inti in the Social and Religious Context, in: The Art of Describing: The World of Tomb Decoration as Visual Culture of the Old Kingdom. Studies in Honour of Yvonne Harpur (2018), 53-84.
- Brovarski, E., False doors & history: The Sixth Dynasty, in: The Old Kingdom art and archaeology (2006), 71-118.
- Chauvet, V., Entrance-porticoes and Portico-chapels: The Creation of an Outside Ritual Stage in Private Tombs of the Old Kingdom, in: Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2010 (2011), 261-311.
- Handoussa, T., The False Door of Hetepu from Giza, in: Perspectives on Ancient Egypt: Studies in Honor of Edward Brovarski (2010), 137-152.
- Wiebach, S., Die ägyptische Scheintür: Morphologische Studien zur Entwicklung und Bedeutung der Hauptkultstelle in den Privat-Gräbern des alten Reiches (1981).
- Bolshakov, A.O., Hinting as a Method of Old Kingdom Tomb Decoration I. The Offering Stone and the False Door of the Dwarf Snb, GM 139 (1994), 9-33.
Statues
- Bárta, M., Serdab and statue placement in the private tombs down to the fourth dynasty, MDAIK 54 (1998), 65-75.
- Bárta, M., Created for Eternity. Statues and serdabs in the late Fifth Dynasty tombs at Abusir South, in: The perfection that endures…’ Studies on Old Kingdom Art and Archaeology (2018), 61-76.
- Bernhauer, E., Die Statuen mit Papyrusrolle im Alten Reich, in: The Old Kingdom Art and Archaeology (2006), 63-70.
- Eaton-Krauss, M., The Representations of Statuary in Private Tombs of the Old Kingdom (1984).
- Eaton-Krauss, M., Pseudo-Groups, in: Stadelmann, R. and H. Sourouzian (eds), Kunst des Alten Reiches (1995), 57-74.
- Eaton-Krauss, M., The Striding Statue of Pehenptah (JE 44609), in: Eldmaty, M. and M. Trad (eds), Egyptian Museum Collections Around the World (2002), 305-312.
- Fitzenreiter, M., Zur Präsentation von Geschlechterrollen in den Grabstatuen der Residenz im Alten Reich, in: Geschlechterforschung in der Ägyptologie und Sudanarchäologie, IBAES II (2000).
- Harvey, J., Wooden statues of the Old Kingdom. A typological study (2001). Preview
- Hawass, Z, Unique Statues at Giza V: The Exceptional Statue of the Priest Kai and His Family, in: Studies in Honor of Ali Radwan (2005), 25-38.
- Roth, A.M., The meaning of menial Labor: “Servant statues” in Old Kingdom serdabs, JARCE 39 (2002), 103-121.
Funerary equipment
- Abdel-Raziq, A., An Ointment Tablet from Deir el-Gebrawi, ZÄS 143 (2016), 129-150.
- Allen, S., Miniature and Model Vessels in Ancient Egypt, in: The Old Kingdom art and archaeology (2006), 19-24.
- Grajetzki, M., The Coffin of Nywty (Nuti), Saqqara, PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology 17 (2020), 1-29.
- Jirásková, L. and K.A. Kytnarová, Ritual tradition and transfer between shape and meaning – Model beer jars in stone and pottery, Prague Egyptological Studies XV (2015), 59-68.
- Jirásková, L., Damage and repair of the Old Kingdom canopic jars – the case at Abusir, Prague Egyptological Studies XV (2015), 76-85.
- Jirásková, L., Model stone vessels of the Old Kingdom – typology and chronology, in: Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2015 (2017), 145-156.
- Nováková, V., Old Kingdom stone sarcophagi as indicators of social change, in: “The perfection that endures…”: Studies on Old Kingdom Art and Archaeology (2018), 333-346.
- Odler, M., Copper Model Tools in Old Kingdom Female Burials, in: Current Research in Egyptology 2014 (2015), 39-58.
- Odler, M., Old Kingdom Copper Tools and Model Tools (2016). Preview
- Odler, M., For the temples, for the burial chambers. Sixth Dynasty copper vessel assemblages, in: Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2015 (2017), 293-315.
Pottery
- Arias Kytnarová, K., Chronological relevance of bread-baking forms – A case study from the Abusir South cemetery, in: Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2010 (2011), 200-222.
- Arias Kytnarová, K., Preliminary report on ceramic finds from the funerary contexts in the tomb of Duaptah (AS 68a) in Abusir South, Bulletin de liaison de la céramique égyptienne 26 (2016), 111-129.
- Faltings, D., Die Keramik der Lebensmittelproduktion im Alten Reich: Ikonographie und Archäologie eines Gebrauchsartikels (1998).
- Hawass, Z.A. and A. Senussi, Old Kingdom Pottery from Giza (2008). Preview
- Rzeuska, T.I. and A. Wodzinska, Studies on Old Kingdom Pottery (2009).
- Warden, L.A., Pottery and Economy in Old Kingdom Egypt (2013).
- Wodzińska, A., A Manual of Egyptian Pottery, Volume 2: Naqada III–Middle Kingdom (2009).
Social aspects
- Alexanian, N., Social Dimensions of Old Kingdom Mastaba Architecture, in: Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century II (2003), 88-96. Read online
- Alexanian, N., Tomb and social status. The textual evidence, in: The Old Kingdom art and archaeology (2006), 1-8.
- Altenmüller, H., Family, ancestor cult and some observations on the chronology of the late fifth dynasty, in: Chronology and Archaeology in Ancient Egypt (2008), 144-161.
- Bárta, M., Sociology of the minor cemeteries during the Old Kingdom: A view from Abusir South, Archiv Orientální 70 (2002), 291-300.
- Bárta, M., Equal in rank, different in the afterlife: Late Fifth and late Sixth Dynasty burial chambers at Abusir South, in: Ancient Memphis: ‘Enduring is the Perfection’ (2012), 27-43.
- Callender, V.G., A Contribution to the Burial of Women in the Old Kingdom, in: Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2001 (2002), 301-208.
- Fitzenreiter, M., Grabmonument und Gesellschaft. Funeräre Kultur und Soziale Dynamik im Alten Reich, SAK 40 (2011), 67-101.
- Mahran, H. and Kamal, S.M., Physical Disability in Old Kingdom Tomb Scenes, Athens Journal of History 2 no. 3 (2016), 169-191.
- Roth, A.M., Social Change in the Fourth Dynasty: The Spatial Organization of Pyramids, Tombs, and Cemeteries, JARCE 30 (1993), 33-55.
- Roth, A.M., The Absent Spouse: Patterns and Taboos in Egyptian Tomb Decoration, JARCE 36 (1999), 37-53.
- Roth, A.M., Little women: Gender and hierarchic proportion in Old Kingdom mastaba chapels, in: The Old Kingdom art and archaeology (2006), 281-296.
Tomb preparation
- Bolshakov, A.O., The Moment of the Establishment of the Tomb-Cult in Ancient Egypt, Altorientalische Forschungen 18 (1991/2), 204-218.
- Chauvet, V., Royal involvement in the construction of private tombs in the late Old Kingdom, in: Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Egyptologists (2007), 313-321.
- Chauvet, V., Decoration and architecture: the definition of private tomb environment, in: Servant of Mut: Studies in Honor of Richard A. Fazzini (2007), 44-52.
- Chauvet, V., Who did what and why: The dynamics of tomb preparation, in: Joyful in Thebes: Egyptological studies in honor of Betsy M. Bryan (2015), 63-78.
- Pieke, G., The evidence of images: Art and working techniques in the mastaba of Mereruka, in: Old Kingdom, New Perspectives (2011), 216-228.
- Wenzel, G., Die Funktion der Hilfslinien im Grab des Pepi-anch Heni-kem (Meir A2), MDAIK 63 (2007), 337-358.
Other aspects
- Allen, J.P., Some aspects of the non-royal afterlife in the Old Kingdom, in: The Old Kingdom art and archaeology (2006), 9-17.
- Bárta, M., Funerary rites and cults at Abusir South, BSAK 9 (2003), 17-30.
- Bárta, M., Suková, Z. and Verner, M., The second renaissance of Abusir, in: Egyptian culture and society: Studies in honour of Naguib Kanawati I (2010), 267-279.
- Bárta, M., Kings, viziers and courtiers: Executive power in the third millennium B.C., in: Ancient Egyptian Administration (2013).
- Brovarski, E., A Second Style in Egyptian Relief of the Old Kingdom, in: S.E. Thomson and P. Der Manuelian (eds), Egypt and Beyond (2008), 49-89.
- Burn, J., An ecological approach to determine the potential influence that the Pyramid Texts had upon Dynasty Six tomb decorations, in: Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2010 (2011), 233-245. Extract
- Chauvet, V., Between a tomb and a hard place: Tomb inscriptions as a source of historical information, JARCE 49 (2013), 57-71.
- Fischer, H.G., Varia Nova, Egyptian Studies 3 (1996).
- Grunert, S., Nicht nur sauber, sondern rein: Rituelle Reinigungsanweisungen aus dem Grab des Anchmahor in Saqqara, SAK 30 (2002), 137-151.
- Hamilton, J.C.F., ‘That his perfect name may be remembered’: added inscriptions in the tomb of vizier Kagemni at Saqqara, in: Current Research in Egyptology 2015 (2016), 50-61.
- Kanawati, N., The living and the dead in Old Kingdom tomb scenes, SAK 9 (1981), 213-225.
- Kanawati, N., Conspiracies in the Egyptian palace: Unis to Pepy I (2003).
- Kinney, L.J., Butcher queens of the fourth and fifth dynasties: Their association with the Acacia house and the role of butchers as ritual performers, in: Ancient Memphis: ‘Enduring is the Perfection’ (2012), 253-266.
- Kuraszkiewicz, K.O., Orientation of Old Kingdom tombs in Saqqara, Etudes et Travaux XXVI (2013), 395-402.
- Mysliwiec, K., The Scheme 2 x 4 in the Decoration of Old Kingdom Tombs, in: The Archaeology and Art of Ancient Egypt. Essays in Honor of David B. O’Connor II (2007), 191-205.
- Mysliwiec, K., A Contribution to the Second Style in Old Kingdom Art, in: Servant of Mut: Studies in Honor of Richard A. Fazzini (2007), 170-178.
- Roos, J.C., Work Songs in Old Kingdom Elite Tombs: The Work Song of the Cloth Porters in the Tomb of Pepiankh Henikem in Meir, JEOL 47 (2018-2019), 175-192.
- Roth, A.M., Twisted Kilts: Variations in Aspective Representation in Old Kingdom Mastaba Chapels, in: Old Kingdom: New Perspectives (2011), 234-243.
- Russmann, E.R., A Second Style in Egyptian Art of the Old Kingdom, MDAIK 51 (1995), 269-279.
- Rzepka, S., Hidden Statues and Reliefs in Old Kingdom Tombs. Some remarks on the tombs of Mersyankh III (G 7520-7540) and Nebemakhet (LG 86), Göttinger Miszellen 164 (1998), 101-109.
- Uchida, S., The destruction of tomb reliefs in the Old Kingdom, Orient 29 (1993), 77-92.
- Vachala, B., “Das vorfeld der literatur” in den privatgräbern des AR: Ein fall aus Abusir, in: Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2010 (2011), 767-777.
- Vasiljevic, V., Über die relative Größe der Darstellungen des Grabherrn im Alten Reich, SAK 25 (1998), 341-351.
- Vasiljevic, V., Der Grabherr und seine Frau: Zur Ikonographie der Status- und Machtverhältnisse in den Privatgräbern des Alten Reiches, Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur 36 (2007), 333-345.
- Vasiljevic, V., Female owners of carrying-chairs: Sitzsänfte and Hocksänfte, SAK 41 (2012), 395-406.
- Vischak, D., Common ground between Pyramid Texts and Old Kingdom tomb design: the case of Ankhmahor, JARCE 40 (2003), 133-157.
- Vischak, D., The Artist’s Art: Visuality and Old Kingdom Tombs, in: Artists and painting in ancient Egypt (2016), 96-108.
Mastaba chapels in museums
- Brunner-Traut, E., Die altägyptische Grabkammer Seschemnofers III. aus Gîsa (1977).
- Gamer-Wallert, I., Von Giza bis Tübingen: Die bewegte Geschichte der Mastaba G 5170 (1998).
- Gamer-Wallert, I., Die bewegte Geschichte der Mastaba Seschemnofers III. (G 5170), Sokar 9 (2004), 28-34.
- Junker, H., The Offering Room of Prince Kaninisut (1931).
- Kayser, H., Die Mastaba des Uhemka: Ein Grab in der Wüste (1964).
- Lythgoe, A.M. and Ransom Williams, C., The Tomb of Perneb (1916).
- Mogensen, M.P., Le mastaba égyptien de la Glyptothèque Ny Carlsberg (1921).
- Mohr, H.Th., The mastaba of Hetep-her-akhti: Study on an Egyptian tomb chapel in the Museum of Antiquities Leiden (1943).
- Onderka, P., The Tomb of Unisankh at Saqqara and Chicago (2009).
- Ransom Williams, C., The Decoration of the Tomb of Per-neb (1932).
- Roeder, G., Die Mastaba des Uhemka im Pelizaeus Museum zu Hildesheim (1927).
- Simpson, W.K., The offering chapel of Sekhem-ankh-ptah in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (1976).
- Simpson, W.K., The offering chapel of Kayemnofret in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (1992).
- Walle, B. van de, Le mastaba de Neferirtenef aux Musées Royaux d’Art et d’Histoire à Bruxelles. Notice sommaire (1930).
- Walle, B. van de, La chapelle funéraire de Neferirtenef (1978).
- Ziegler, C., Le Mastaba d’Akhethetep (2007).
- Zorn, O. and Bisping-Isermann, D., Die Opferkammern im Neuen Museum Berlin (2011).
Other objects in museums and private collections
- Bolshakov, A.O., Some Notes on the Reliefs of Jj-nfr.t (Karlsruhe), GM 115 (1990), 15-27.
- Bolshakov, A.O., Osiris in the Fourth Dynasty Again? The false door of Jntj, MFA 31.781, BMHBA suppl. (2001), 65-80.
- Bolshakov, A.O., Studies on Old Kingdom Reliefs and Sculpture in the Hermitage (2005).
- Brovarski, E., A Unique Funerary Monument of Old Kingdom Date in the Egyptian Museum, in: Egyptian Museum Collections around the World (2002).
- Brovarski, E., A Fragmentary Carrying Chair Scene in Salt Lake City, Utah, Études et Travaux XXX (2017), 155–160.
- Der Manuelian, P., A Case of Prefabrication at Giza? The False Door of Inti, JARCE 35 (1998), 115-127.
- Der Manuelian, P., Unfinished Business: The Giza Tablet of Tjenti (JE 72135), in: Egyptian Museum Collections around the World (2002), 777-790.
- Der Manuelian, P., Slab stelae of the Giza necropolis (2003).
- Der Manuelian, P., A “New” Slab Stela for Nefer from G 2110? (Giza Archives Project Gleanings: I), in: Egypt and Beyond: Essays presented to Leonard H. Lesko (2008), 227-236.
- Diego Espinel, A., A neglected hunting scene from Saqqara (Pitt Rivers 1926.14.6) and the iconography of the desert hunters during the Old Kingdom, in: Abusir and Saqqara in the year 2015 (2017), 85-121.
- Eaton-Krauss, M., An Offering Table Scene in the Art Institue, Chicago, Göttinger Miszellen 219 (2008), 19-24.
- Harpur, Y., The identity and positions of relief fragments in museums and private collections: Miscellaneous reliefs from Saqqara and Giza, JEA 71 (1985), 27-42.
- Harpur, Y., The identity and positions of relief fragments in museums and private collections: The reliefs of Rahotep and Nofret from Meydum, JEA 72 (1986), 23-40.
- Harpur, Y., Further reliefs from the chapel of Rahotep at Meydum, JEA 73 (1987), 197-200.
- Harpur, Y. and Sharawi, G., The identity and positions of relief fragments in museums and private collections: Reliefs from various tombs at Saqqara, JEA 74 (1988), 57-67.
- Harpur, Y., The identity and positions of relief fragments in museums and private collections: Reliefs from a dismantled tomb in the Saqqara necropolis, SAK 13 (1986), 107-123.
- Junker, H., The Offering Room of Prince Kaninisut (1931).
- Shoaib, W.M., Unpublished Chapel of Ty in the Egyptian Museum (CG 1380, 1696, 1699, 1700–01), JARCE 50 (2014), 1-29.
- Soria Trastoy, M.T., A previously unpublished false door attributable to Abdu, from a private collection, JAEA 3 (2018), 153-172.
- Strudwick, N., A slab of Intkas in the Fitzwilliam Museum, JEA 73 (1987), 200-202.
- Woods, A. and Swinton, J., Chronological considerations: Fragments from the tomb of Hetepet at Giza, BACE 24 (2013), 127-158.
PhD dissertations
- Alexanian, N., Die provinziellen Mastabagräber und Friedhöfe im Alten Reich (Heidelberg 2001).
- Fitzenreiter, M., Statue und Kult: Eine Studie der funerären Praxis an nichtköniglichen Grabanlagen der Residenz im Alten Reich (Berlin 1999).
- Harvey, J.C., A typological study of Egyptian wooden statues of the Old Kingdom (London 1994).
- Kroenke, K.R., The provincial cemeteries of Naga ed-Deir: A comprehensive study of tomb models dating from the late Old Kingdom to the late Middle Kingdom (Berkeley 2010).
- Lehmann, K., Der Serdab in den Privatgräbern des Alten Reiches (Heidelberg 2000).
- Onderka, P., The tomb of Unisankh at Saqqara and Chicago (Prague 2009).
- Roeten, L., The certainty of change: a research into the interactions of the decoration on the western walls of the cult chapels of the mastabas at Giza during the Old Kingdom (Leiden 2011).
- Swinton, J., The dating of the tombs of officials of the Old Kingdom of Egypt (Sydney 2001).
- Thompson, E.M., The depiction of the tomb owner in the Old Kingdom cemetery of El-Hawawish in Upper Egypt (Macquarie 2010).
- Thompson, J.S., The iconography of the Memphite priesthood in Egypt’s elite tombs of the Old Kingdom (Pennsylvania 2014).
- Verma, S., Significance of identity, individuality & ideology in Old Kingdom tomb iconography (Leiden 2011).
- Weng, J., The Iconography of Family Members in Egypt’s Elite Tombs of the Old Kingdom (Pennsylvania 2018).